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Mar 2013

Volume 7, Issue 2, Articles (02xxxx)

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Biomicrofluidics 7, 024103 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794974 (11 pages)

Yen-Heng Lin, Ying-Ju Chen, Chao-Sung Lai, Yi-Ting Chen, Chien-Lun Chen, Jau-Song Yu, and Yu-Sun Chang
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Review article: Fabrication of nanofluidic devices

Chuanhua Duan, Wei Wang, and Quan Xie

Biomicrofluidics 7, 026501 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794973 (41 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 13 March 2013

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Thanks to its unique features at the nanoscale, nanofluidics, the study and application of fluid flow in nanochannels/nanopores with at least one characteristic size smaller than 100 nm, has enabled the occurrence of many interesting transport phenomena and has shown great potential in both bio- and energy-related fields. The unprecedented growth of this research field is apparently attributed to the rapid development of micro/nanofabrication techniques. In this review, we summarize recent activities and achievements of nanofabrication for nanofluidic devices, especially those reported in the past four years. Three major nanofabrication strategies, including nanolithography, microelectromechanical system based techniques, and methods using various nanomaterials, are introduced with specific fabrication approaches. Other unconventional fabrication attempts which utilize special polymer properties, various microfabrication failure mechanisms, and macro/microscale machining techniques are also presented. Based on these fabrication techniques, an inclusive guideline for materials and processes selection in the preparation of nanofluidic devices is provided. Finally, technical challenges along with possible opportunities in the present nanofabrication for nanofluidic study are discussed.
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07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
47.60.Dx Flows in ducts and channels
47.61.Fg Flows in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS)

Development of vertical SU-8 microtubes integrated with dissolvable tips for transdermal drug delivery

Zhuolin Xiang, Hao Wang, Aakanksha Pant, Giorgia Pastorin, and Chengkuo Lee

Biomicrofluidics 7, 026502 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4798471 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 26 March 2013

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Polymer-based microneedles have drawn much attention in the transdermal drug delivery resulting from their flexibility and biocompatibility. Traditional fabrication approach deploys various kinds of molds to create sharp tips at the end of needles for the penetration purpose. This approach is usually time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we developed an innovative fabrication process to make biocompatible SU-8 microtubes integrated with biodissolvable maltose tips as novel microneedles for the transdermal drug delivery applications. These microneedles can easily penetrate the skin's outer barrier represented by the stratum corneum (SC) layer. The drug delivery device of mironeedles array with 1000 μm spacing between adjacent microneedles is proven to be able to penetrate porcine cadaver skins successfully. The maximum loading force on the individual microneedle can be as large as 7.36 ± 0.48N. After 9 min of the penetration, all the maltose tips are dissolved in the tissue. Drugs can be further delivered via these open biocompatible SU-8 microtubes in a continuous flow manner. The permeation patterns caused by the solution containing Rhodamine 110 at different depths from skin surface were characterized via a confocal microscope. It shows successful implementation of the microneedle function for fabricated devices.
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87.85.-d Biomedical engineering
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
87.80.Ek Mechanical and micromechanical techniques

A fluorescence based method for the quantification of surface functional groups in closed micro- and nanofluidic channels

Yu Wang, Rachel D. Lowe, Yara X. Mejia, Holger Feindt, Siegfried Steltenkamp, and Thomas P. Burg

Biomicrofluidics 7, 026503 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4802270 (11 pages)

Online Publication Date: 22 April 2013

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Surface analysis is critical for the validation of microfluidic surface modifications for biology, chemistry, and physics applications. However, until now quantitative analytical methods have mostly been focused on open surfaces. Here, we present a new fluorescence imaging method to directly measure the surface coverage of functional groups inside assembled microchannels over a wide dynamic range. A key advance of our work is the elimination of self-quenching to obtain a linear signal even with a high density of functional groups. This method is applied to image the density and monitor the stability of vapor deposited silane layers in bonded silicon/glass micro- and nanochannels.
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07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
47.85.Np Fluidics
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