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Biomicrofluidics / Volume 4 / Issue 3 / REGULAR ARTICLES

Biomicrofluidics 4, 034104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3474638 (11 pages)

A dielectrophoretic chip with a roughened metal surface for on-chip surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis of bacteria

I-Fang Cheng1, Chi-Chang Lin2,3, Dong-Yi Lin1, and Hsien-Chang Chang1,3,4

1Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
3Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
4Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan

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(Received 24 April 2010; accepted 12 July 2010; published online 5 August 2010)

We present an analysis of the results of in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of bacteria using a microfluidic chip capable of continuously sorting and concentrating bacteria via three-dimensional dielectrophoresis (DEP). Microchannels were made by sandwiching DEP microelectrodes between two glass slides. Avoiding the use of a metal nanoparticle suspension, a roughened metal surface is integrated into the DEP-based microfluidic chip for on-chip SERS detection of bacteria. On the upper surface of the slide, a roughened metal shelter was settled in front of the DEP concentrator to enhance Raman scattering. Similarly, an electrode-patterned bottom layer fabricated on a thin cover-slip was used to reduce fluorescence noise from the glass substrate. Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were effectively distinguished in the SERS spectral data. Staphylococcus aureus (concentration of 106 CFU/ml) was continuously separated and concentrated via DEP out of a sample of blood cells. At a flow rate of 1 μl/min, the bacteria were highly concentrated at the roughened surface and ready for on-chip SERS analysis within 3 min. The SERS data were successfully amplified by one order of magnitude and analyzed within a few minutes, resulting in the detection of signature peaks of the respective bacteria.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Chip design
    2. Microfabrication
    3. Experimental setup
    4. Sample preparation
  3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. Atomic force microscopy images of the roughened surface
    2. SERS on a roughened substrate
    3. Sorting bacteria from a blood sample
    4. On-chip SERS analysis
  4. CONCLUSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

bioMEMS, biosensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophoresis, lab-on-a-chip, microelectrodes, microfluidics, microorganisms, nanoparticles, surface enhanced Raman scattering

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3474638

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1932-1058 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    F. Yang, X. M. Yang, H. Jiang, P. Bulkhaults, P. Wood, W. Hrushesky, and G. Wang, Biomicrofluidics 4, 013204 (2010)BIOMGB000004000001013204000001.

    C. Church, J. Zhu, G. Wang, T. J. Tzeng, and X. Xuan, Biomicrofluidics 3, 044109 (2009)BIOMGB000003000004044109000001.

    I. -F. Cheng, H. -C. Chang, D. Hou, and H. -C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 1, 021503 (2007)BIOMGB000001000002021503000001.

    R. Pethig, Biomicrofluidics 4, 022811 (2010)BIOMGB000004000002022811000001.

    D. Hou, S. Maheshwari, and H. -C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 1, 014106 (2007)BIOMGB000001000001014106000001.

    J. E. Gordon, Z. Gagnon, and H. -C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 1, 044102 (2007)BIOMGB000001000004044102000001.

    Z. Gagnon, J. Mazur, and H. -C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 3, 044108 (2009)BIOMGB000003000004044108000001.


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