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Biomicrofluidics / Volume 4 / Issue 3 / REVIEW ARTICLES

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Biomicrofluidics 4, 031501 (2010); doi:10.1063/1.3460392 (15 pages)

Micro-optofluidic Lenses: A review

Nam-Trung Nguyen

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798

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(Received 26 February 2010; accepted 8 June 2010; published online 19 July 2010)

This review presents a systematic perspective on the development of micro-optofluidic lenses. The progress on the development of micro-optofluidic lenses are illustrated by example from recent literature. The advantage of micro-optofluidic lenses over solid lens systems is their tunability without the use of large actuators such as servo motors. Depending on the relative orientation of light path and the substrate surface, micro-optofluidic lenses can be categorized as in-plane or out-of-plane lenses. However, this review will focus on the tunability of the lenses and categorizes them according to the concept of tunability. Micro-optofluidic lenses can be either tuned by the liquid in use or by the shape of the lens. Micro-optofluidic lenses with tunable shape are categorized according to the actuation schemes. Typical parameters of micro-optofluidic lenses reported recently are compared and discussed. Finally, perspectives are given for future works in this field.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. TUNABILITY WITH LENS LIQUID
  3. TUNABILITY WITH LENS SHAPE
    1. Pneumatic tuning
      1. Out-of-plane designs
      2. In-plane designs
    2. Electric tuning
    3. Tuning with stimuli responsive hydrogels
    4. Tuning with electrowetting
    5. Dielectrophoretic tuning
    6. Hydrodynamic tuning
  4. CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

lenses, microfluidics, micro-optomechanical devices, optical tuning

PACS

  • 42.79.Bh

    Lenses, prisms and mirrors

  • 47.85.Np

    Fluidics

  • 47.61.-k

    Micro- and nano- scale flow phenomena

  • 85.85.+j

    Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

ARTICLE DATA

Permalink
http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.3460392

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:

1932-1058 (online)

Publisher:

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (9) Tables (4)

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
Micro-optofluidic devices based on a gradient of refractive index: (a) L-GRIN lens; (b) optical splitter.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
Pneumatically tunable out-of-plane liquid lenses.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
Pneumatically tunable in-plane liquid lenses: (a) biconvex lens with flexible membrane; (b) convex/concave lens; (c) planoconcave lens.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
Electrically tunable liquid lenses: (a) electroactive polymer actuator; (b) electromagnetic actuator; (c) electrochemical actuator.

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FIG.5
Liquid lenses tunable with stimuli responsive hydrogel.

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FIG.6
Liquid lenses tunable with electrowetting: (a) planar electrode; (b) sidewall electrodes.

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FIG.7
Liquid lenses tunable with dielectrophoresis.

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FIG.8
Schematic of hydrodynamic focusing in microfluidic channels of different geometries: (a) straight channel; (b) circularly bounded chamber.

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FIG.9
In-plane micro-optofluidic lens with hydrodynamic tuning: [(a) and (b)] rectangular chambers; (c) circularly bounded chamber; (d) biconcave lens with two pairs of inlets.

FIG.9 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

Tables

Table I. Comparison between optofluidic tuning and other optical tuning techniques [O(Δn/n): order of magnitude of the relative change in refractive index, O(τ): order of magnitude of time response, after Ref. 5].

View Table
Table II. Common liquids and their properties at 25 °C, 100 kPa (n: refractive index, μ: dynamic viscosity, ρ: density, σ: surface tension, CAS: chemical abstract services).

View Table
Table III. Out-of-plane micro-optofluidic lenses (Ref.: reference, D: aperture size, n: refractive index, f: focal length; pmax: maximum pressure, Vmax: maximum voltage, pcv: planoconvex, bcv: biconvex, pcc: planoconcave, bcc: biconcave, and cvcc: convex/concave).

View Table
Table IV. In-plane micro-optofluidic lenses (Ref.: reference, D: aperture size, n: refractive index, f: focal length; Re: Reynolds number, Pe: Peclet number, pcv: planoconvex, bcv: biconvex, pcc: planoconcave, bcc: biconcave, and cvcc: convex/concave).

View Table


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