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Biomicrofluidics / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / SPECIAL TOPIC: INVITED PAPERS FROM THE 2009 CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS, THE HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, HONG KONG, 2009 (GUEST EDITOR: WEIJIA WEN)

Biomicrofluidics 3, 012001 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3056045 (15 pages)

Understanding electrokinetics at the nanoscale: A perspective

Hsueh-Chia Chang and Gilad Yossifon

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Microfluidics and Medical Diagnostics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA

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(Received 30 November 2008; accepted 2 December 2008; published online 2 January 2009)

Electrokinetics promises to be the microfluidic technique of choice for portable diagnostic chips and for nanofluidic molecular detectors. However, despite two centuries of research, our understanding of ion transport and electro-osmotic flow in and near nanoporous membranes, whose pores are natural nanochannels, remains woefully inadequate. This short exposition reviews the various ion-flux and hydrodynamic anomalies and speculates on their potential applications, particularly in the area of molecular sensing. In the process, we revisit several old disciplines, with some unsolved open questions, and we hope to create a new one.

© 2009 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. NONLINEAR I-V CHARACTERISTICS
  3. INTRACHANNEL OHMIC RESISTANCE
  4. NON-OHMIC RESISTANCE DUE TO ENTRANCE/SURFACE POLARIZATION
  5. VOLTAGE-GATING AND VORTEX-INSTABILITY
  6. WARBURG AND CHAOTIC IMPEDANCE
  7. RECTIFICATION
  8. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

biosensors, channel flow, electrokinetic effects, hydrodynamics, microfluidics, molecular electronics, nanobiotechnology, osmosis

PACS

  • 87.85.Rs

    Nanotechnologies-applications

  • 81.07.Nb

    Molecular nanostructures

  • 85.85.+j

    Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

  • 47.61.Fg

    Flows in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS)

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3056045

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1932-1058 (print)  
1932-1058 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    S.-C. Wang, H.-H. Wei, H.-P. Chen, M.-H. Tsai, C.-C. Yu, and H.-C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 2, 014101 (2008)BIOMGB000002000001014101000001.

    D. Stein, M. Kruithof, and C. Dekker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 035901 (2004).

    S. J. Kim, Y. C. Wang, J. H. Lee, H. Jang, and H. Han, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 044501 (2007).

    G. Yossifon and H.-C. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 254501 (2008).

    S. Basuray and H.-C. Chang, Phys. Rev. E 75, 060501 (2007).

    O. Orlychenko, Y. Ye, and H.-C. Chang, Phys. Rev. E 57, 5196 (1998).

    I.-F. Cheng, H.-C. Chang, D. Hou, and H.-C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 1, 021503 (2007)BIOMGB000001000002021503000001.

    J. Gordon, Z. Gagnon, and H.-C. Chang, Biomicrofluidics 1, 044102 (2007)BIOMGB000001000004044102000001.


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